Re: Did you know / Fact thread

[The Demon of Carthage]

Agree with the rest, great thread indeed. Will make sure to stop by regularly to either learn or share something. Thank you, Nish.

[Warrior]

Great thread,  I happen to found out interesting things but I haven't in mind now ffs  

Just a little thing... do you know how Spanish people call the " scapegoat " ?
"Cabeza de turco". Literally head of a Turkish.
I wonder why, probably Ottomans weren't so loved there

It's also an expression in french

Idk where it comes from

[Robespierre]

How much do you know about Turkmenistan ?
One of the fifteen former Soviet Republics, situated in Central Asia



One of those countries that end with - Stan , so  unknown for us.
Well, I will say something about Turkmenistan.

First of all two words about his Capital city. It's  Asghabat. It’s called the Marble city.
The capital of Turkmenistan holds the record for the highest density of white marble-clad buildings anywhere in the world: 48 million square meters of white marble that cover 543 buildings, so many that the capital  got  a place in the Guinnes Book of Records: the city with the most marble buildings in the world. Essentially a white city. I will come back on this then.

As I've said Turkmenistan is   definitely a secretive Asian dictatorship that has been led by two eccentric dictators in last 20 years ( since it's an indipendent State).

The first one was  Saparmyrat Atayevich Nyýazow.

He begun an isolationistic polcy for Turkmenistan.
As first thing he put the revival of Turkmen culture as one of the top priorities in Turkmenistan's development. He introduced a new Turkmen alphabet based on the Latin alphabet to replace Cyrillic

he promoted extravagant political reforms .He renamed days of the week and months .
He renamed January after himself, and April  is called Gurbansoltan edzhe, after his mother.

Even bread from “  chorek” was renamed  in the name of her mother, gurbansoltan edzhe.

He closed down all rural libraries and hospitals outside of the capital city Ashgabat, in a country where at that time more than half the population lived in rural areas  once stating that, "If people are ill, they can come to Ashgabat.

Niyazov even banished dogs from the capital Ashgabat because of their "unappealing odour.

In 2006 he died and  Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (his personal dentist) was elected president in 2007 in his place.

At first it seemed Berdimulhamendow dismantle the bizarre cult of the personality of its predecessor, but it took little to recreate an equally megalomaniac regime.

For example, black cars. As I ‘ve written above Ashbagat is the marble city etc … He reinforced this through the prohibition of the movement of black cars.
Reasons : bring  bad luck.
.
He adores horse for the rest  , as every Turkmen tbf.
Turkemsn have a relationship almost religious with horses, and in particular with the “Akhal-Teke”, the Turmen horse race . In fact they don’t touch the meath of the horses, unlike of their Kazak neighbours.
Turkmenistan have even a Minister dedicated to horses..

Well in 2013 it was organized an  event to celebrate the horsemanship of Turkmenistan's strongman ruler.
It marked the climax of a three-day annual holiday celebrating the national Akhal Teke horse breed, which is revered in Turkmenistan.
Of course  Berdimulhamendow was going to take part on it too.
Just after President Berdimuhamedov crossed the finish-line, his horse fell directly in front of dozens of journalists invited to cover the event. He was flung forward, landing heavily on the ground as other horses sped by.
The course commentator was lost for words as the president lay still for several seconds before dozens of black-suited security guards rushed over to attend to him. An ambulance eventually took him away.

there was a shocked silence in the stadium for about 30 minutes and no public announcements were made. Some spectators began to cry in expectation of bad news.
Foreign reporters trying to confirm that it really was the president who had taken a fall were asked by their minders not to make telephone calls, record video footage or report what was happening.
After about 40 minutes the president reappeared in traditional Turkmen dress to a large round of applause. He calmly waved at the crowd, apparently unharmed, and the event resumed as if nothing had happened.

Government newspaper Neutral Turkmenistan devoted four pages to his victory, with six giant pictures of the president in national costume.

There was no mention of the president’s potentially serious mishap in the press or on television. The race was shown on state television, but the footage cuts abruptly just after the finish.
Anyway the incident had caused huge concern in Ashgabat, with officials scrambling to prevent more footage leaving the country.
The Gundogar news site said that officials at Ashgabat’s international airport had been making intensive checks of passengers leaving the country in search of phones, tablets and cameras of footage of the incident.
It quoted sources at the interior ministry as saying several dozen people have already been arrested on suspicion of trying to smuggle out footage.

His last oddness was in August 2019.

So as to  silence the rumors about his death, president     Berdimuhamedow  decided to strap himself into a sports SUV adorned with national logos while wearing race gear and drives out into the Karakum Desert, eventually reaching the Darvaza gas crater, a collapsed natural gas field that has been burning since 1971 and is better known at home and abroad as the Gates of Hell.

As music begins playing, the Turkmen's vehicle president proceeds to drive rings around the ever-burning pit and even does donuts a few feet away from the flames.

[Vibe]

Nice facts Robez, great thread Nish

[Nishankly]

The Sun


Part a) Look at the Yellow Sun!


Hey! The color of the Sun is Yellow!

No you bitches, its white. The Sun's color is WHITE.

The Sun's rays has a huge number of parts to it. Our eyes can only percieve and see the color part of it which is termed as Visible light.



(aka the Rainbow colors!)

Why is it yellow then?

Light at it enters the atmosphere, it scatters. If you look away from the sun, its blue because blue scatters the most. While as you start looking towards the sun, its yellowish white since Red+Yellow+White scatters the least.

But the Sun is Red during sunset?



Yes, during sunset, Sun's position in the sky allows the Rays to scatter much more. Which is why the sun looks Orangish (Which is a mixture of scattered Yellow and direct red coming to your eyes) but if you look away from the sun you'll see the sky more a bluish orange!

Fact 2: The Sky isn't blue.

The Sky is transparent and has no color!

Blue color scatters the most (9 times more than red light) hence in the sky hence we can see a blue/whitish sky.


YES, THIS MEANS NOTHING HAS AN ORIGINAL COLOR. Every thing that you see including yourself, reflects and absorbs various bands of Sunlight and hence acquires a color with all the mixing.

[Nishankly]

The Sun

Part b) Is the Sun unique? (No not the GL one)

The Sun is just another Star!

YES (Truth) AND NO (Bias)!

The Sun is quite special. Yes it is a star and exhibits Star like properties but in a very different way!

Ill start listing the basic reasons before moving on to the Science heavy ones:

1) Our Sun is lonely: Its alone surrounded by planets, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. But solar systems (Other than ours) can have more than one sun. In fact, that's often the case. More than half of all stars are in multiple star systems.

But this means, they have two suns and this is exactly why they can't harbor life due to extreme temperature variations.

2) Size and Mass: Our Sun is a well rounded individual! Its not too small to emit no light or not too huge to kill everyone by burning them alive like the star Betelgeuse.

Our Sun is very well fed. Its Mass is in the top 10% of the stars surrounding. If had lower mass, it would die out sooner and would demonstrate much more excited properties and changes in gravity.

3) Brightness: Our Sun is again very mild in terms of radiation, Its not too bright and not too dark. What's the point of having the white super giant Rigel in our solar system only for it emit 25000 times the brightness of radiation and give us all Cancer in one go or a small faint star that couldn't emit any light and we would freeze to death in the darkness.

4) Our Sun is very very very benign:

This is the most important point. Our Sun is very chilled out. Stars even smaller than the Sun emit solar flares constantly, these flares are destructive and can wipe out a planet's atmosphere in one go if not toast the entire planet in minutes.  

5) Distance: Our Sun is very very far away from us! Don't take our Solar System as a template. Its one off. Most Solar Systems are quite compact and the first planet is on an average 6 millions miles from their Star. Mercury is 70 million miles from the Sun. Its taking care of us being damn far away.

Now lets move on the Science heavy ones:



6) The Sun is located in center outward isolated spiral of the Milky way, this way we aren't too close to the center where stars keep colliding with each other and the apparent black hole is located.

7) Furthermore, Sun is at an ideal distance from the galactic centre (of the milky way), called the co-rotation radius. Only here does a star’s orbital speed match that of the spiral arms (of the milky way)—otherwise the sun would cross the arms too often and be exposed to supernovae


Conclusion:

All in all, the Sun gets lesser credit when we talk about how life exists on this planet. We call it the beautiful planet but the big guy Sun deserves as much.

Again it brings to the same questions, is it luck we were near this Mr Dependent? How did we find this exact space to be able to survive?

Anyways, Thank you Sun, you like keeping to yourself but we don't forget your contribution!

[Unique]

The Sun

Part b) Is the Sun unique? (No not the GL one)

The Sun is just another Star!

YES (Truth) AND NO (Bias)!

The Sun is quite special. Yes it is a star and exhibits Star like properties but in a very different way!

Ill start listing the basic reasons before moving on to the Science heavy ones:

1) Our Sun is lonely: Its alone surrounded by planets, asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets. But solar systems (Other than ours) can have more than one sun. In fact, that's often the case. More than half of all stars are in multiple star systems.

But this means, they have two suns and this is exactly why they can't harbor life due to extreme temperature variations.

2) Size and Mass: Our Sun is a well rounded individual! Its not too small to emit no light or not too huge to kill everyone by burning them alive like the star Betelgeuse.

Our Sun is very well fed. Its Mass is in the top 10% of the stars surrounding. If had lower mass, it would die out sooner and would demonstrate much more excited properties and changes in gravity.

3) Brightness: Our Sun is again very mild in terms of radiation, Its not too bright and not too dark. What's the point of having the white super giant Rigel in our solar system only for it emit 25000 times the brightness of radiation and give us all Cancer in one go or a small faint star that couldn't emit any light and we would freeze to death in the darkness.

4) Our Sun is very very very benign:

This is the most important point. Our Sun is very chilled out. Stars even smaller than the Sun emit solar flares constantly, these flares are destructive and can wipe out a planet's atmosphere in one go if not toast the entire planet in minutes.  

5) Distance: Our Sun is very very far away from us! Don't take our Solar System as a template. Its one off. Most Solar Systems are quite compact and the first planet is on an average 6 millions miles from their Star. Mercury is 70 million miles from the Sun. Its taking care of us being damn far away.

Now lets move on the Science heavy ones:



6) The Sun is located in center outward isolated spiral of the Milky way, this way we aren't too close to the center where stars keep colliding with each other and the apparent black hole is located.

7) Furthermore, Sun is at an ideal distance from the galactic centre (of the milky way), called the co-rotation radius. Only here does a star’s orbital speed match that of the spiral arms (of the milky way)—otherwise the sun would cross the arms too often and be exposed to supernovae


Conclusion:

All in all, the Sun gets lesser credit when we talk about how life exists on this planet. We call it the beautiful planet but the big guy Sun deserves as much.

Again it brings to the same questions, is it luck we were near this Mr Dependent? How did we find this exact space to be able to survive?

Anyways, Thank you Sun, you like keeping to yourself but we don't forget your contribution!

you wont be saying that in the summer when its 150 in the shade and your balls are melting.

[Nishankly]

Well if it wasn't for the Sun, I wouldn't have any balls. So it only makes sense for it to melt them.

[Unique]

A neutron star is the collapsed core of a giant star which before collapse had a total mass of between 10 and 29 solar masses. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars, excluding black holes, hypothetical white holes, quark stars and strange stars.[1] Neutron stars have a radius on the order of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and a mass of about 1.4 solar masses.[2] They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei.

Once formed, they no longer actively generate heat, and cool over time; however, they may still evolve further through collision or accretion. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons (subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons); the electrons and protons present in normal matter combine to produce neutrons at the conditions in a neutron star. Neutron stars are partially supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle, just as white dwarfs are supported against collapse by electron degeneracy pressure. However neutron degeneracy pressure is not by itself sufficient to hold up an object beyond 0.7M☉[3][4] and repulsive nuclear forces play a larger role in supporting more massive neutron stars.[5][6] If the remnant star has a mass exceeding the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit of around 2 solar masses, the combination of degeneracy pressure and nuclear forces is insufficient to support the neutron star and it continues collapsing to form a black hole.

Neutron stars that can be observed are very hot and typically have a surface temperature of around 600000 K.[7][8][9][10][a] They are so dense that a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material would have a weight of approximately 3 billion tonnes, the same weight as a 0.5 cubic kilometre chunk of the Earth (a cube with edges of about 800 metres) from Earth's surface.[11][12] Their magnetic fields are between 108 and 1015 (100 million to 1 quadrillion) times stronger than Earth's magnetic field. The gravitational field at the neutron star's surface is about 2×1011 (200 billion) times that of Earth's gravitational field.

As the star's core collapses, its rotation rate increases as a result of conservation of angular momentum, hence newly formed neutron stars rotate at up to several hundred times per second. Some neutron stars emit beams of electromagnetic radiation that make them detectable as pulsars. Indeed, the discovery of pulsars by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish in 1967 was the first observational suggestion that neutron stars exist. The radiation from pulsars is thought to be primarily emitted from regions near their magnetic poles. If the magnetic poles do not coincide with the rotational axis of the neutron star, the emission beam will sweep the sky, and when seen from a distance, if the observer is somewhere in the path of the beam, it will appear as pulses of radiation coming from a fixed point in space (the so-called "lighthouse effect"). The fastest-spinning neutron star known is PSR J1748-2446ad, rotating at a rate of 716 times a second[13][14] or 43,000 revolutions per minute, giving a linear speed at the surface on the order of 0.24 c (i.e. nearly a quarter the speed of light).

There are thought to be around 100 million neutron stars in the Milky Way, a figure obtained by estimating the number of stars that have undergone supernova explosions.[15] However, most are old and cold, and neutron stars can only be easily detected in certain instances, such as if they are a pulsar or part of a binary system[why?]. Slow-rotating and non-accreting neutron stars are almost undetectable; however, since the Hubble Space Telescope detection of RX J185635−3754, a few nearby neutron stars that appear to emit only thermal radiation have been detected. Soft gamma repeaters are conjectured to be a type of neutron star with very strong magnetic fields, known as magnetars, or alternatively, neutron stars with fossil disks around them.[16]

Neutron stars in binary systems can undergo accretion which typically makes the system bright in X-rays while the material falling onto the neutron star can form hotspots that rotate in and out of view in identified X-ray pulsar systems. Additionally, such accretion can "recycle" old pulsars and potentially cause them to gain mass and spin-up to very fast rotation rates, forming the so-called millisecond pulsars. These binary systems will continue to evolve, and eventually the companions can become compact objects such as white dwarfs or neutron stars themselves, though other possibilities include a complete destruction of the companion through ablation or merger. The merger of binary neutron stars may be the source of short-duration gamma-ray bursts and are likely strong sources of gravitational waves. In 2017, a direct detection (GW170817) of the gravitational waves from such an event was made,[17] and gravitational waves have also been indirectly detected in a system where two neutron stars orbit each other.

[Nishankly]

Unique, great post, I would be great to highlight parts in bold that convey the best part of the fact or make it bullet points to make it a bit easier on eye from the next post onwards!

Thanks again. Glad people are enjoying the thread

[Unique]

Unique, great post, I would be great to highlight parts in bold that convey the best part of the fact or make it bullet points to make it a bit easier on eye from the next post onwards!

Thanks again. Glad people are enjoying the thread

They are so dense that a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material would have a weight of approximately 3 billion tonnes.

that is the part that amazes me. its hard to get your head round that.

[The Demon of Carthage]

Ladies and gents, meet TON 618, a quasar in the constellation of Canes Venatici, harboring the most massive known black hole ever detected in history, with a gargantuan mass of 66 billion solar masses.

With a mass this high, TON 618 falls into the new classification of ultramassive black holes. A black hole of this mass has a Schwarzschild radius of 1,300 AU.

Just to put things in perspective, here's how our supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which lies at the center of the milky way, would look like in comparison to TON 618:

Spoiler:

And here's our entire solar system in comparison:

Spoiler:

And given how unfathomably big the universe is, I wouldn't be surprised if we discovered even bigger black holes lurking in the darkness of space.

[Nishankly]

Unique, great post, I would be great to highlight parts in bold that convey the best part of the fact or make it bullet points to make it a bit easier on eye from the next post onwards!

Thanks again. Glad people are enjoying the thread

They are so dense that a normal-sized matchbox containing neutron-star material would have a weight of approximately 3 billion tonnes.

that is the part that amazes me. its hard to get your head round that.

YESS

Now this makes us move to SINGULARITY

Singularity in Physics

Singularity is basically when laws of physics are not applicable to the world. Its the Universe before big bang.

Now imagine a Ball of Mass m

Now if you compress this Ball, the Mass "m" remains the same but the volume and density keeps on increasing.

Keep on doing this until you get to a point where the Mass "m" becomes 0 but at this point your volume and density becomes "infinity". This point is called the Schwarzschild Radius (SR).
This "point" is similar to the ends of a line. A line is defined as 2 metres but what happens at the end, these ends have no dimensions but are a part of the line in question. Its hypothetical obviously but interesting.

Singularity point is the center of the black hole. A black hole is an "event horizon" where any object that has the speed greater than light can escape this when your mass reduces to a point (the SR equation is valid when your mass reduces). For this object (or light to escape) they need an escape velocity larger than the SR.

Black holes for example the one in the Milky way as DoC mentioned as Sagittarius A* is when the radius of the object becomes very less as the mass reduces, Singularity is when radius becomes 0.



Now as mentioned by Unique, if this Neutron star achieves a mass lesser than SR, it becomes a black hole.



PLEASE DO SEE THE VIDEO IF YOU'RE INTERESTED BECAUSE ITS NOT POSSIBLE FOR ME TO EXPLAIN IT ON TEXT

Let me know your thoughts on this Unique, building on how you can't fathom so much mass in one place.

[Nishankly]

Ladies and gents, meet TON 618, a quasar in the constellation of Canes Venatici, harboring the most massive known black hole ever detected in history, with a gargantuan mass of 66 billion solar masses.

With a mass this high, TON 618 falls into the new classification of ultramassive black holes. A black hole of this mass has a Schwarzschild radius of 1,300 AU.

Just to put things in perspective, here's how our supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which lies at the center of the milky way, would look like in comparison to TON 618:

Spoiler:

And here's our entire solar system in comparison:

Spoiler:

And given how unfathomably big the universe is, I wouldn't be surprised if we discovered even bigger black holes lurking in the darkness of space.

My favorite video in the world, Let me know DoC how you feel about this:

[The Demon of Carthage]

It's beautiful and at the same time quite depressing, especially near the end of the video where even galaxies are shown as grain of sands in comparison to the vastness of space.

It's beautiful, but man are we insignificant

[Nishankly]

Just to put things in perspective, here's how our supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*, which lies at the center of the milky way, would look like in comparison to TON 618:

Spoiler:

Okay wait, I thought Black holes were centers of galaxies. How do Quasar become centers?

I thought Quasars are around a black hole.

[The Demon of Carthage]

No, there's a supermassive black hole at the center of each galaxy, but that doesn't mean that black holes can't exist anywhere else. In fact, scientists estimate that there are as many as ten million to a billion black holes in the Milky Way alone.

A quasar is simply a supermassive black hole with an extremely bright accretion disk. Which means, if you're looking at a quasar, you're definitely looking at a black hole, but the other way around is not always true (a black hole is not necessarily a quasar).

[Nishankly]

So Sagittarius A* isn't the center of the Milky way? Damn I need to read more.

[Unique]

the scary question is where did space and everything in it come from. if you are a religous person then you will think god made it all but if you are not religous then its a scary thought. if everything started from the big bang where did the empty space come from.

[Nishankly]

the scary question is where did space and everything in it come from. if you are a religous person then you will think god made it all but if you are not religous then its a scary thought. if everything started from the big bang where did the empty space come from.

Exactly what I was speaking to you before we got into relativity and is why religion still exists.

As Neil DeGrasse Tyson says: I am scared that Humans, who appeared in Africa hiding from the predators 50 times their size, do not have the mental and physiological capability to understand more about the past and the future.

[The Demon of Carthage]

So Sagittarius A* isn't the center of the Milky way? Damn I need to read more.

Sagittarius A refers to the black hole located at our galactic center. If you read Wiki though, you'll notice that they call the center itself Sagittarius A, which is not really accurate.

Here's a link from NASA that explains it better:
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/multimedia/black-hole-SagittariusA.html

[El Gunner]

the scary question is where did space and everything in it come from. if you are a religous person then you will think god made it all but if you are not religous then its a scary thought. if everything started from the big bang where did the empty space come from.

ahh, the age old question. Don't you guys think it's funny we ask these kind of questions when we're 8 years old, and then still ask the same question as a 45-year old (unique's case). Says a lot about our limited mental capacities as humans... some things we are just not meant to understand, especially since we are so insignifacnt (referring to DoC's post about the universe video).

To answer your question though, simple physics would say there has to be source because energy cannot exist without a source.

Source = God = Consciousness = Eternal Truth

[Nishankly]

Artic Geese Babies



The barnacle goose is the D student of the animal world in that it tries super hard to be a part of this whole food chain thing, but kind of sucks at it.

We say this because before a baby barnacle goose is even given its first meal, it first has to throw itself from the top of a cliff.

To prevent predators from eating the eggs, Geese make their nests on top of large structures, upto 400 feet high!

When the egg's hatch, the parents fly down and the kids have to jump down since they can't fly to reach the water source for the first meal.

Imagine, you have to jump 100 feet for you first meal.

Now wait!

90% of the Geese chicks survive the fall, but unfortunately since they can't control the fall, they hit sharp rocks and get injured. The rest of them get picked up by predators just waiting below the nest.

40% still survive! So as horrible this is, it fucking works.

If a Human was jumping that height, at the very least they would break their legs and be paralyzed for eternity if they don't die almost instantly.

In case you’re wondering, no, the goslings can’t fly when they do this, they survive only due to the sheer fuzziness of their feathers. This combined with their small size allows them to slow themselves somewhat in mid-air so that they only smash into the rocks below at a less than lethal velocity.

Source: A hilarious read:

http://www.factfiend.com/barnacle-geese-rely-adorable-survive/


Potentially disturbing to a few:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H1S6UCX4RAA


Nature is wild and Geese are assholes.

[The Demon of Carthage]

@Nishankly, I miss your facts, mate. Where have you been?

Anyway, here's something that offers more than the usual food for thought:

1. The soil is dying:

A quarter of the Earth’s surface—land that could feed 1.5 billion people—has already been lost to erosion, deforestation, and poor farming techniques. We only have 60 years of harvests left before the world’s soils can no longer support life, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations.

2. A truck load of plastic is dumped into the ocean every minute:

For every square mile of ocean, there are 46,000 pieces of plastic floating on the surface, according to UN Environment. Plastic pollution has reached the deepest depths of the ocean, the Earth’s last wilderness, Antarctica, and plastic was recently found in human faeces, confirming what we already knew, that it has entered the food chain.

3. The United Nations predicts the world population will reach 11 billion by the end of the 21st century:

This is just one of three projections by the UN. It also says a greater decline in fertility than expected could trigger a population decline to about 7 billion, or less of a fertility decline can yield a higher rate of growth, to a world population of about 16.5 billion.

4. The collapse of ecosystems is beginning:

Species of plants and animals are disappearing between 1,000 and 10,000 faster than the natural extinction rate thanks to humans. The most conservative estimate is that 200 species are going the way of the dodo every year. Worryingly for us, the rate at which we’re killing wildlife is destroying the web of life on which humanity depends.

[futbol_bill]

A human fart can be louder than a trombone.

I discovered that at my daughter’s school concert.

[Harmonica]

Did you know that my home town and university once had the coldest place, in the whole universe, by far?

https://ltl.tkk.fi/wiki/LTL/World_record_in_low_temperatures

"The record-low temperature was reached in a piece of rhodium metal, which was cooled to 100 pK, or 0,000 000 000 1 degrees above the absolute zero."

Deep space ambient temperature is 2,7 degrees above absolute zero, the temperature produced by the uniform background radiation or “afterglow” from the Big Bang. That's 27 billion times warmer temperature.

I think we've lost the record since then (2000). But here's a very interesting documentary of history of trying to reach ever colder temperatures. Did you know that one of the richest peoples ever, before Rockefeller, was a ice hoarded?



It makes one great point about Einstein too, who co-theorized Bose-Einstein condensate, which naturally has never happened in the universe, but was eventually proved correct. It's often called the fifth state of matter, after plasma, gas, liquid and solid.

[Sponsored content]